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Federal criminal laws are primarily derived from the United States Constitution. This foundational document outlines the framework for the federal government, including the creation and enforcement of federal laws. Specifically, it grants Congress the power to legislate criminal matters and sets forth various rights and protections for individuals that inform criminal law, such as due process and protection against double jeopardy.

The Constitution serves as the ultimate legal authority, establishing principles that guide the creation and enforcement of all federal laws, including those pertaining to criminal justice. It is through this central document that the legal standards and the limits of governmental power are defined, ensuring that federal laws operate within the rights guaranteed to all individuals.

While state constitutions, international law, and local ordinances may govern different aspects of laws and regulations, they do not address federal criminal law in the same overarching capacity as the United States Constitution. This distinction is essential for understanding the hierarchy and scope of legal authority in the United States.